BASIC LINUX OPERATION

INTRODUCTION TO LINUX:

Linux is quite possibly the most important free software achievement. It has been developed into an operating system for business, education and personal productivity. Linux (pronounced with a short I, as in LIH-nucks) is a UNIX operating system clone. 

UNIX is one of the most popular operating systems worldwide because of its large support base and distribution. It was originally developed at AT&T as a multitasking operating system for minicomputers and mainframes in the 1970’s, but has since grown to become one of the most widely used operating systems. Linux is a free version of UNIX developed by LINUS TORVALDS at the university of Helsinki in Finland.

About Linux

It was Mr. Linus Torvalds who is originally developed Linux as a hobby project. Minix, a small UNIX system developed by Andy Tanenbaum, inspired it. The Linux kernel uses no code from AT&T or any other proprietary source. On October 5, 1991, Linus announced the first “official” version of Linux, which was version 0.02.

Famous Linux Distributions

There are millions of Linux distributions of Linux. The following are the famous Linux distribution:

1-      Red Hat Linux

2-      SuSe Linux

3-      Caldera Linux

4-       Mandrake Linux

5-      Open Linux

6-      Aryabhat Linux

7-      Ubuntu

8-      Fedora Linux

Why Using Linux?

•         Linux is a UNIX like operating systems

•         Multi-user, Multi-tasking and Multi-Processor Support

•         There are no royalty or license fees “A Linux Distribution has thousands of dollars’ worth of software for no cost or a couple of dollars if purchased on CD/DVD “

•         Software Development Supports

•         Linux runs on nearly any CPU

•         Linux works very well as a personal computer UNIX for the desktop

•         Linux works well for server operations

•         X-Window system (An excellent window system called X)

Basic Commands

•         Ls        - Listing the file and directory

•         man     -Help

•         pwd     -Present working directory

•         mkdir   -Creating Directory

•         cd        -Changing the directory

•         rmdir   -To remove the directory

•         rm –r   -To remove the directory

•         rm        -To remove the file.

•         wc       -To view the no, of lines (l) ,  no, of word (w), no, of characters (c) in file

•         mv       -To move the file

•         cp         -To copy the file and directory

•         grep         -To search for the string

•         hostname murali – To change the hostname in murali

•         exit           -To logout M/C

•         logout       - To logout M/C

•          clear        - To clear the screen

•         Who        -  who logged in to our system currently

•         whoami           - To show the current user

•         tty                    - To show the current terminals

•         echo                 - To display the typed message

•         wall                 - To send the broadcast message

•         Write               - To send the message in particular user

•         date                 - To show the date and time

•         cal                   - To show the calendar 

•         bc                    - Calculator