LINUX (UBUNTU) INSTALLATION:

GETTING UBUNTU:

 

Before you can get started with Ubuntu, you will need to obtain a copy the Ubuntu installation image for dvd or usb. Some options for doing this are outlined below.

MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

If you are unsure whether it will work on your computer, the Live dvd is a great way to test things out first. Below is a list of hardware specifications that your computer should meet as a minimum requirement.

      ·         1 GHz x86 processor (Pentium 4 or better)

      ·         1 gb of system memory (ram)

      ·         5 gb of disk space (at least 15 gb is recommended)

      ·         Video support capable of 1024×768 resolution

      ·         Audio support

      ·         An Internet connection (highly recommended, but not required)

DOWNLOADING UBUNTU

The easiest and most common method for getting Ubuntu is to download the Ubuntu dvd image directly from here(http://www.ubuntu.com/download).

Choose how you will install Ubuntu:

‣ Download and install

‣ Try it from a dvd or usb stick

INSTALLING UBUNTU—GETTING STARTED

At least 5 gb of free space on your hard drive is required in order to install Ubuntu. We recommend 15 gb or more. This will ensure that you will have plenty of room to install extra applications later on, as well as store your own documents, music, and photos. To get started, place the Ubuntu dvd in your dvd drive and restart your computer. Your computer should load Ubuntu from the dvd. When you first start from the dvd, you will be presented with a screen asking you whether you want to first try out Ubuntu or install it. Select the language you want to view the installer in and click on the Install Ubuntu button. This will start the installation

process. If you have an Internet connection, the installer will ask you if you would like to “Download updates while installing.” We recommend you do so. The second option, “Install this third-party software,” includes the Fluendo mp3 codec, and software required for some wireless hardware. If you are not connected to the Internet, the installer will help you set up a

wireless connection. The “Preparing to install Ubuntu” screen will also let you know if you have enough disk space and if you are connected to a power source (in case you are installing Ubuntu on a laptop running on battery). Once you have selected your choices, click Continue.

INTERNET CONNECTION

If you are not connected to the Internet, the installer will ask you to choose a wireless network (if available).

1. Select Connect to this network, and then select your network from the list.

2. If the list does not appear immediately, wait until a triangle/arrow appears next to the network adapter, and then click the arrow to see the available networks.

3. In the Password field, enter the network wep or wpa key (if necessary).

4. Click Connect to continue.

Install alongside other operating systems.

For more complicated dual-booting setups, you will need to configure the partitions

manually.

Upgrade Ubuntu … to 14.04

This option will keep all of your Documents, music, pictures, and other personal files. Installed software will be kept when possible (not all your currently installed software may be supported on the new version). System wide settings will be cleared.

Erase disk and install Ubuntu

Use this option if you want to erase your entire disk. This will delete any existing operating systems that are installed on that disk, such as Microsoft Windows, and install Ubuntu in its place. This option is also useful if you have an empty hard drive, as Ubuntu will automatically create the necessary partitions for you.

Formatting a partition will destroy any data currently on the partition. Be sure to back up any data you want to save before formatting. After you have chosen the installation type, click Continue, or Install Now.

Confirm Partition choices and start install

If you chose Something else, configure the partitions as you need. Once you are happy with the way the partitions are going to be set up, click the Install Now button at the bottom right to move on. To reduce the time required for installation, Ubuntu will continue the installation process in the background while you configure important user details—like your username, password, keyboard settings and default time zone.

Where are you?

The next screen will display a world map. Using your mouse, click your geographic location on the map to tell Ubuntu where you are. Alternatively, you can type your location in the field below the map. This allows Ubuntu to configure your system clock and other location-based features. Click Continue when you are ready to move on.

Keyboard layout

Next, you need to tell Ubuntu what kind of keyboard you are using. In most cases, you will find the suggested option satisfactory. If you are unsure which keyboard option to select, you can click the Detect Keyboard Layout button to have Ubuntu determine the correct choice by asking you to press a series of keys. You can also manually choose your keyboard layout from the list of options. If you like, enter text into the box at the bottom of the window to ensure you are happy with your selection, then click Continue.

Who are you?

Ubuntu needs to know some information about you so it can set up the primary user account on your computer. When configured, your name will appear on the login screen as well as the user menu, which we discuss later.

On this screen you will need to tell Ubuntu:

      ·         your name

      ·         what you want to call your computer

      ·         your desired username

      ·         your desired password

      ·         how you want Ubuntu to log you in

Enter your full name under Your name. The next text field is the name your computer uses, for terminals and networks. You can change this to what you want, or keep the predetermined name. Next is your username, the name that is used for the user menu, your home folder, and behind the scenes. You will see this is automatically filled in for you with your first name. Most people find it easiest to stick with this. However, it can be changed if you prefer. Next, choose a password and enter it into both password fields. When both passwords match, a strength rating will appear to the right that will show you whether your password is “too short,” “weak,” “fair,” or “strong.” You will be able to continue the installation process regardless of your password strength, but for security reasons it is best to choose a strong one. This is best achieved by having a password that is at least six characters long, and is a mixture of letters, numbers, symbols, and uppercase/lowercase. Avoid obvious passwords that include your birth date, spouse’s name, or the name of your pet.

Login Options

Finally, at the bottom of this screen you have two options regarding how you wish to log in to Ubuntu. You may also choose to have Ubuntu encrypt your home folder.

·         Log in automatically

·         Require my password to log in

–        Encrypt my home folder

Log in automatically

Ubuntu will log in to your primary account automatically when you start up the computer so you won’t have to enter your username and password. This makes your login experience quicker and more convenient, but if privacy or security are important to you, we don’t recommend this option. Anyone who can physically access your computer will be able to turn it on and also access your files.

Require my password to login

This option is selected by default, as it will prevent unauthorized people from accessing your computer without knowing the password you created earlier. This is a good option for those who, for example, share their computer with other family members. Once the installation process has been completed, an additional login account can be created for each family member. Each person will then have their own login name and password, account preferences, Internet bookmarks, and personal storage space.

Encrypt my home folder

This option provides you with an added layer of security. Your home folder is where your personal files are stored. By selecting this option, Ubuntu will automatically enable encryption on your home folder, meaning that files and folders must be decrypted using your password before they can be accessed. Therefore, if someone had physical access to your hard drive (for example, if your computer was stolen and the hard drive removed), they would not be able to see your files without knowing your password.

Finishing Installation

Ubuntu will now finish installing on your hard drive. As the installation progresses, a slideshow will give you an introduction to some of the default applications included with Ubuntu. These applications are covered in more detail in another place. The slideshow will also highlight

the Ubuntu support options. After approximately twenty minutes, the installation will complete and you will be able to click Restart Now to restart your computer and start Ubuntu. The dvd will be ejected, so remove it from your dvd drive and press Enter to continue. Wait while your computer restarts, and you will then see the login window (unless you selected automatic login).

Login Screen

After the installation has finished and your computer is restarted, you will be greeted by the login screen of Ubuntu. The login screen will present you with your username and you will have to enter the password to get past it. Click your username and enter your password. Once done, you may click the arrow or press Enter to get into the Ubuntu desktop. Ubuntu’s login screen supports multiple users and also supports custom backgrounds for each user. In fact, Ubuntu automatically will pick up your current desktop wallpaper and set it as your login background

The login screen allows you to update your keyboard language, volume intensity and enable/disable accessibility settings before you log in to your desktop. It also displays date/time and battery power for laptops. You can also shut down or restart your system from the login screen.

After inserting user name and password, Ubuntu desktop environment will appear.