UTILITIES
SOFTWARE:
Utility
program: Type of software that performs a specific task, usually related to
managing or maintaining the computer system. Many utilities are built into
operating systems (for finding files, viewing images, backing up files, etc.) Utilities
are also available as stand-alone products and as security.
Examples of Utilities Software:
1- Search
tools: Designed to search for files on the user’s hard drive. Windows Vista
includes new search tools
2- Diagnostic
programs: Evaluate your system and make recommendations for fixing any
errors found
3- Disk
management programs: Diagnose and repair problems related to your hard
drive
4- File
compression programs: Reduce the size of files so they take up less storage
space on a storage medium or can be transmitted faster over the Internet.
Example
is
–
Both zip and unzip files
– WinZip (Windows
users) and Stuffit (Mac users)
5- Uninstall
utilities: Remove programs from your hard drive without leaving bits and
pieces behind. Uninstall capabilities are built into most operating systems. Uninstall
utility programs are also available as stand-alone programs. Sometimes an uninstall
option is included in a program’s folder when that program is originally installed.
Important to properly uninstall programs, not just delete them
6- Cleanup
utilities: Designed to delete temporary files.
7- Backup
and recovery utilities: Make the backup and restoration process easier.
Backup:
Duplicate copy of data or other computer content. Good backup procedures are
critical for businesses and individuals. Individuals should back up important documents,
e-mail, photos, home video, etc. Store backup data on a CD or DVD, second hard drive,
flash memory drive, or upload to the Internet. Back up your entire PC once all
programs have been installed, so your system can be restored to that
configuration.
8- Security
programs: Protect computers and users.
The
examples are as follows:
–
Antivirus programs
–
Antispyware programs
–
Firewalls
–
Many are included in Windows and other operating systems.
DISK OPERATING SYSTEM (DOS)
HISTORY
MS-DOS
1.0 was released in August 1981, and was updated until April 1994 when it was
replaced by Windows 95. All versions of windows still contain some type of DOS,
in windows 95 and 98 you can go to run and type command to get to DOS prompt,
in NT, 2000, and XP you can type CMD and get DOS.
MS-DOS
Prompt
The
prompt in MS-DOS displays your current directory.
C:\dos\commands>
means you are in that directory, and any command you use will apply to the current
directory unless you specify a different one.
Basic
Commands CD
1- CD-
Change directory
You
use this command when you want to change the directory.
Example:
CD C:\DOS will bring you to the dos folder
2- CD..
- brings you to the previous directory.
Example:
if you are in C:\DOS\FOLDER
3- CD..
Will bring you to C:\DOS
4- COPY
will copy the file from one location to another
Example
COPY A:\file.txt c:\ will copy the file from a:\ to c:\
5- XCOPY
can move files, directories, and whole drives from one location to another, It
is more powerful than the copy command, and has a lot of switches.
6- DIR
will display the contents of the folder
7- DEL
will delete a file or an empty directory from the drive
8- EDIT
will open a text file
9- MOVE
will move the file or directory from one location to another
Example:
MOVE a:\file.txt c:\file.txt will move the file to the c:\ drive
10- REN
will rename the file
Example:
REN file.txt myfile.txt will rename the file.txt to myfile.txt
11- MD
is used to make a directory (folder) in MS-DOS.
Example:
MD myfolder will make a folder called myfolder in current directory
12- DELTREE
command will delete the folder and all of its contents, including other
folders.
Example:
DELTREE C:\myfolder will delete the folder and all the contents.
13- TREE
shows you all of the folders and files in current directory like explorer in
windows.
14- CLS
Will clear the contents of the screen
Attributes
Attributes
are the properties of a file such as hidden, read-only, archive or system file.
In
MS-DOS you can view/change attributes with the attrib command.
Example:
attrib +r file.txt will make the file read-only.
The
Help Switch /?
You
can use the help switch with any command. It will give you the command
structure, and the available switches.
Virtualization
of Operating System
Virtualization
is the creation of a virtual rather
than actual version of something, such as an operating
system, a server, a storage device
or network resources.
You probably
know a little about virtualization if you have ever divided your hard drive into
different partitions. A partition is
the logical division of a hard disk drive to create, in effect, two separate
hard drives.
The
evolution of virtualization
Operating
system virtualization is the use of software to allow a piece of hardware to
run multiple operating system images at the same time. The technology got its
start on mainframes decades ago, allowing administrators to avoid wasting
expensive processing power.
How
virtualization works
Virtualization
describes a technology in which an application,
guest operating system or data storage is abstracted away from the true underlying
hardware or software. A key use of virtualization technology is server
virtualization, which uses a software layer called a hypervisor to emulate the
underlying hardware. This often includes the CPU's memory, I/O and network
traffic. The guest operating system, normally interacting with true
hardware, is now doing so with a software emulation of that hardware, and often
the guest operating system has no idea it's on virtualized hardware. While the
performance of this virtual system is not equal to the performance of the
operating system running on true hardware, the concept of virtualization works
because most guest operating systems and applications don't need the full use
of the underlying hardware. This allows for greater flexibility, control and isolation
by removing the dependency on a given hardware platform. While initially meant
for server virtualization, the concept of virtualization has spread to
applications, networks, data and desktops.
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